ABSTRACT
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the common pathogens causing human respiratory infections and HAdV infection can result in a variety of diseases. In recent years, outbreaks of HAdV infection have been detected from time to time in China and clustered severe cases have been reported in some regions. This technical guideline has been timely developed to provide technical support on the control and prevention of HAdV respiratory infections. It provides an overview of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment principles of HAdV infection, determines the definitions of laboratory-confirmed cases, clinically diagnosed cases, severe and critically severe HAdV pneumonia cases. Then the workflow of case detecting and reporting, and the outbreak epidemic disposal has been formulated. Finally, the control and prevention measures in places at high risk for HAdV transmission and individual preventive measures also has been introduced.
ABSTRACT
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the common pathogens causing human respiratory infections and HAdV infection can result in a variety of diseases. In recent years, outbreaks of HAdV infection have been detected from time to time in China and clustered severe cases have been reported in some regions. This technical guideline has been timely developed to provide technical support on the control and prevention of HAdV respiratory infections. It provides an overview of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment principles of HAdV infection, determines the definitions of laboratory-confirmed cases, clinically diagnosed cases, severe and critically severe HAdV pneumonia cases. Then the workflow of case detecting and reporting, and the outbreak epidemic disposal has been formulated. Finally, the control and prevention measures in places at high risk for HAdV transmission and individual preventive measures also has been introduced.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenovirus Infections, Human , Virology , Adenoviruses, Human , China , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Respiratory Tract Infections , VirologyABSTRACT
Objective@#The genetic characteristics of the human adenovirus type 53 (HAdV-53) strains isolated from Taiyuan city of Shanxi Province were studied to obtain the baseline data of their molecular characteristics.@*Methods@#Conjunctival swabs (n=79) were collected from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients in Shanxi eye Hospital in 2016, and five HAdV-53 strains were obtained after virus isolation and identification based on the three major capsid genes sequences including Penton base, Hexon and Fiber gene. And the corresponding sequences of global epidemic HAdV-53 strains and the strains with the same genetic origin as HAdV-53 were also downloaded from GenBank database, and then the three gene database were established, respectively. With the database, phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the genetic and molecular evolutionary characteristics were analyzed with bioinformatics software.@*Results@#Five HAdV-53 strains in Shanxi Province in 2016 showed high consistency with the HAdV-53 strains prevalent in other countries in 1996-2014 (>99.8%). All HAdV-53 strains were in the same evolutionary branch with their recombinant source genotypes (HAdV-37 and HAdV-8) in Penton base and Fiber gene, respectively, and maintained a high degree of consistency in gene sequences. In Hexon gene, HAdV-53 strains were more closed to its recombinant source genotype HAdV-22, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences between two types were highly homologous, while HAdV-53 and HAdV-22 belonged to different evolutionary branches, and the evolution rate of HAdV-53 based on Hexon gene was 3.51×10-5 substitution/site/year.@*Conclusion@#HAdV-53 has become an important new ocular infectious pathogen of Taiyuan. HAdV-53 strain are relatively conservative and stable based on Penton base, Hexon, and Fiber gene.
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Objective To detect adenovirus from children with acute upper/lower respiratory tract infections and to investigate the genetic evolution of virus .Methods A total of 1 178 clinical specimens were collected from the Children ’ s Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine during March 2011 and February 2013, including 513 throat swabs from children with acute upper respiratory tract infection and 665 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute lower respiratory tract infections .Besides, 9 specimens in an outbreak of adenovirus infection during 2011 and 2014 were also collected .Adenovirus was identified by real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The hypervariable region (HVR)-7 region of hexon gene in positive samples was amplified and sequenced for typing and phylogenetic analysis .Other respiratory viruses were also detected with RT-qPCR in adenovirus positive samples .Clinical characteristics of adenovirus infection were analyzed in children with lower respiratory tract infections .Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability were used for data analysis .Results Among 1 178 samples from sporadic cases , 104 samples (8.83%) were adenovirus positive .The rates of adenovirus infection in upper respiratory tract infection group and lower respiratory tract infection group were 13.65%(70/513) and 5.11%(34/665), respectively (χ2 =26.193, P3 years (χ2 =6.575 and 7.334, P0.05), but two children with co-infection died.Conclusions Adenovirus infection is more common in upper respiratory tract infection .Adenovirus type 3 and type 7 are the most prevalent serotypes in sporadic cases , while type 3 is the most prevalent serotype in outbreak cases .
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Objective To investigate the curative effect of an adenovirus-mediated fusion gene system driven by VEGF promoter (AdVEGF-CDglyTK) on a nude mouse model of colorectal cancer and analyze the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect.Methods The animal model of the colorectal cancer was established by using transplantation of the cultivated cells,human colorectal cell line LoVo,via subcutaneous injection on the back of nude mice.Twenty nude mice were equally divided into four groups:group Ⅰ received injection of AdVEGF-CDgiyTK plus 5-flurocytosine/ganciclovir(5-FC/GCV);group Ⅱwere given 5-FC/GCV;group Ⅲ were with AdVEGF-CDglyTK;group Ⅳ were used as control.Results CDglyTK was expressed exclusively in the tumor tissues from the group Ⅰ and Ⅲ by RT-PCR.The phenotype and pathological analysis showed that tumor growth was dramatically inhibited in group Ⅰwhen compared with other three groups,while no significant difference was found between group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ.The TUNEL assay demonstrated that the apoptosis rate of 38.65% ± 4.20 significantly increased in group Ⅰ when compared with other three groups (F = 397.530,P =0.000).The tumor microvessel density of 3.08±0.79 decreased significantly in group Ⅰ (F = 34.081,P = 0.000) when compared with other three groups.Conclusion The results suggested that AdVEGF-CDglyTK with 5-FC/GCV can inhibit the tumor growth of colorectal cancer significantly in vivo by a mechanism of systeminduced apoptosis and the efficient suppression of angiogenesis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of a dual regulation of replicating adenovirus vector carrying human endostatin gene (AdTPHre-hEndo) on pancreatic cancer. Methods Human endostatin (hEndo) gene was cloned into the genome of replicating adenovirus specific for the tumor cells by virus recombination technology. The virus titer was 3.25 × 1010pfu/ml. A Balb/c nude mouse model carring sw1990 cells pancreatic cancer was established, the expression of human endostain and inhibition of tumor cells in vivo were detected. Results We successfully constructed AdTPHre-hEndo. The inhibition on pancreatic cancer cell line SW-1990 of AdTPHre-hEndo is better than Ad-hEndo (P ＜0. 01 ), and ONYX-015 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The endostatin expression of AdTPHre-hEndo group was significantly higher than Ad-hEndo group and the control group (P ＜ 0. 01 ). The intratumoral MVD also decreased significantly in the treated tumors(6. 8 ±2. 5 vs. 16. 0 ±4. 6、47. 2 ± 10. 0, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusions The recombination adenovirus can express biologically active hEndo effectively, which results in inhibiting the growth of micro-blood vessels and proliferation slowly.
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Objective To study effects of hFRNK gene on phosphorylated p190RhoGAP expression and RhoA activation by mediated adenoviral vector in colorectal carcinoma cell Colo320WT stimulated with extrinsic gastrin17 in vitro.Methods AdEasyTMsystem was used to construct pAdhFRNK expressing human FRNK gene by recombination in E.coli.BJ5283.pCR3.1/GR plasmid expressing gastrin receptor CCK-2 was transfected into colonic carcinoma cell line Colo320 cells by LipofectamineTM2000 and expression stably CCK-2R clones was selected by G418(500 ?g/mL).The expression levels of gastrin receptor of Colo320 cells and the transfected cells Colo320WT were assayed by RT-PCR.Colo320WT cells were treated by 10～8 mol/L Gastrin17 for 0h and 12 h;and after Colo320WT cells were infected by pAdhFRNK(MOI:100)for 2 d,the cells were treated by Gastrin17 for 12 h again.The expression levels of phosphorylated p190RhoGAP of Colo320WT cells were assayed by immuniprecipation and western blot.RhoA activation was assayed by pull-down.using GST-Rhotekin-RBD followed by RhoA blotting.Results When 10～8 mol/L Gastrin17 stimulated Colo320WT cells for 12 h,the expression levels of phosphorylated p190RhoGAP increased apparently and RhoA activation diminished.When pAdhFRNK infected Colo320WT cells for 2 d and 10～8 mol/L Gastrin17 treated the cells for 12 h,the expression levels of phosphorylated p190RhoGAP decreased apparently and RhoA activity was elevated.Conclusion hFRNK can inhibit expression of phosphorylated p190RhoGAP and enhanced RhoA activity in the cells stimulated with Gastrin17,and its mechanism is probably that hFRNK can block FAK phosphorylation and FAK pathway.